学校症状监测系统预警传染病爆发的实例研究

Study on School-based Surveillance System in Infectious Disease Outbreak

目的研究一起学校水痘爆发实例,对比传染病报告数据,分析学校"因病缺课症状监测系统"的监测结果,探讨该系统在传染病短期预警方面的作用。方法应用描述流行病学方法,对水痘疫情发生过程中的症状监测资料和传染病报告资料进行时间分布描述,结合时序图研究各种被监测症状的波动与疫情变化之间相互关系。结果症状监测资料的非特异症状(发热)曲线呈双峰分布,特异症状(出疹)曲线呈单峰,两者出现异常信号均早于传统传染病监测。症状监测资料探查的疾病流行过程较为全面,可完整表现疫情的发生阶段、引入阶段和爆发阶段,有利于及时采取措施控制疫情。结论学校"因病缺课症状监测系统"的监测和短期预警效果优于传统监测,但症状收集技术、双峰分布现象、最敏感症状的选取等都有待进一步研究。

Objective To study the sehcol-based surveillance system in chicken pox outbreak by comparing symptom surveillance data with reported ease data. Methods By using descriptive epidemiology method, time series of symptom data and reported ease data under surveillance were analyzed during the period of a chicken pox outbreak. After that, comparison between the two surveillance data was studied. Results It showed that for non specific symptom such as fever there were two peaks on the curve of time series chart while for specific symptom such as rashes there was only one peak. Both of the symptom data occurred earlier than traditional reported infectious disease data surveillance. Syndromic surveillance data could completely present the whole process of infectious disease outbreak from occurring to outbreak. Conclusion Although there are still challenges in data eoUection and symptom analysis of curves, schcol-based symptom surveillance system seems to have some advantages over the traditional surveillance system in predicting infectious disease outbreak.