伊拉克哈希姆王朝的建立与英国的委任统治

The Creation of The Hashemites Dynasty and the Britain's Mandate over Iraq

占领美索不达米亚、控制波斯湾本来是英国一个多世纪的追求,但第一次世界大战结束后,英帝国由占领者变为"受任国",这并非英国人的初衷和意愿。战时英国在巴士拉的军事管理搬用"印度经验";委任统治的第一步则是创建伊拉克政权,扶持汉志哈希姆家族的费萨尔王子管理伊拉克。在伊拉克的委任统治中引进英国式宪政,但并没有触动美索不达米亚和摩苏尔地区的社会基础,甚至保护和强化了当地的部落制。英国较早地允许伊拉克国家独立,但一直从军事和财政方面控制着伊拉克。伊拉克革命"彻底赶走了英帝国主义",但英国在伊拉克委任统治的影响并未在短期内消除,相反,给伊拉克后来的发展埋下了隐患。

It was a pursue more than one century for the Great Britain to occupy Mesopotamia and control the Persian Gulf,however,that Britain had changed from occupier to a Mandatory State after the first World War it was not Britain's original intention and desire that Britain had mechanically applied the wartime 'Indian Experience',yet the first step of mandate was to found the Iraq regime and foster Faisal ibn Hussan who was prince of Hashemites in Hejaz as a king of Iraq.Britain had introduced the British constitutionalism but not changed the social base in Mesopotamia and Mosul,even protected and strengthened the local tribe system during Mandate times.Britain had allowed Iraq gain independence earlier than expected,but kept controlling in finance and military.Although Iraq revolution had 'drove away British Imperialism thoroughly',the influence of Britain' mandate over Iraq had not been eliminated;on the contrary,the constitution construction of Iraq state,the composition of Iraq nationality and dispose of politics and religions in Iraq had seeded hidden troubles of later development.