谐振势阱中有限粒子玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚的数值计算

Numerical calculation of finite Bose-Einstein condensation in harmonic potentials

从统计力学原理出发,用数值方法研究了三维等方谐振势阱中有限粒子数玻色子系统的化学势及其导数随温度的变化.结果表明,粒子数有限的系统没有一级相变,但在有限温度发生玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚;利用化学势二阶导数的极小值定义的玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚临界温度很好地符合实验结果.

The chemical potential and its differential coefficients as a function of temperature of an ideal system trapped in three dimensions isotropic harmonic traps with an finite number of particles were calculated from the statistical theory. The results show that, there is no phase transition in a system with an finite number of particles, but the Bose-Einstein condensation occurs at a finite temperature. The critical temperatures were well defined by the minimum temperatures of the second derivative of chemical potential, which were in good agreement with the experimental results.