北京市农业用水问题及对策研究

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Water Resources in Beijing

北京市为资源型重度缺水地区,水资源的需求量随着经济发展和人口的增长而骤增,供需矛盾日益加剧。农业用水是用水大户,接近全市用水的40%。水资源紧缺导致北京农业水资源严重不足,而农业用水浪费现象还普遍存在,节水农业是解决北京水资源问题的重要途径之一。概述了北京地区的农业水资源的现状,阐述了北京农业用水特点,分析了农业用水中存在的主要问题,从优化种植结构、雨洪利用、农艺节水、工程节水以及管理节水等方面提出了农业节水的对策措施和建议。

Beijing is a severe water resource-shortage city. Along with the development of economy and population, the demand of water resource increases rapidly and the contradiction between supply and demand about water resource becomes worse. Water scarcity leads to the serious shortage of agricultural water resources, but the waste of agricultural water is general, therefore water saving agriculture becomes the most important approach to alleviating the water scarcity in Beijing. In this paper, the current situation of agricultural water resources in Beijing is summarized, the features and problems in agricultural water consumption are analyzed, several countermeasures and suggestions for agriculture water-saving are put forward from the aspects of optimization of farming structure, utilization of rainfall flood, agronomic technology, engineering technology and management policy for water saving.