头状骨、月骨、三角骨、钩骨测量及四角融合器的设计

The Measurements of Capitate, Lunate, Triquetrum and Hamate and the Design of Four - corner Arthrodesis Concentrator

目的测量头状骨、月骨、三角骨、钩骨，为研制适于腕骨四角融合术的内固定器械提供解剖学依据，并设计镍钛记忆合金腕骨四角融合器（NiTi shape memory alloy follr—corner arthrodesis concentrator，NT—FCAC）。方法解剖45侧成人腕骨标本，保留腕掌、背侧韧带，切除大、小多角骨和手舟骨，游标卡尺测量头状骨、月骨、三角骨、钩骨各骨间距；然后，解剖出上述四腕骨，观察各骨形态，游标卡尺测量各参数；最后，依据测量结果及四腕骨解剖形态特点，结合镍钛记忆合金的特性，设计镍钛记忆合金腕骨四角融合器。结果头月间距最小，为24．75±3．13mm，钩月间距29．46±2．85mm、月三角间距26．48±2．08mm；三角骨厚度最小，为8．76±0．91mm；依据测量结果及镍钛记忆合金的特性，设计出了镍钛记忆合金腕骨四角融合器。结论依据头状骨、月骨、三角骨和钩骨解剖特点及测量结果，结合镍钛记忆合金的特性，能够设计出适于腕骨四角融合术的内固定器械。

Objective To measure capitate, Lunate, trvquetrum and hamate. In order to provide the anatom- ical basis for a special internal fixator for four - corner arthrodesis, and design NiTi shape memory alloy four - corner arthrodesis concentrator （ NT - FCAC） was designed. Methods Firstly, 45 carpal specimens of adult cadaver were anat- omized. The ligaments of dorsal and palmar of wrist were preserved. Trapezium, trapezoid and scaphoid were excised. According to the invariable bony marks, the distances between four bones （capitatum - lunate, hamate - lunate, lunate -triquetrum , capitatum- triquetrum, hamate - triquetrum and capitatum - hamate ） were measured with vernier caliper. Secondly, the anatomical shapes of four bones ）capitatum, lunate, triquetrum and hamate} were observed after they were separated. Thirdly, the parameters （width, length, thickness） of the four bones were measured with vernier caliper. The plan of NT - FCAC was designed according to the measured data and anatomic features of the four bones （ capitatum, lunate, triquetrum and hamate）, and then a special internal fixator - NiTi shape memory alloy four - corner arthrodesis concentrator （NT- FCAC） was designed with Nitinol. Results The distance of capitate - lunate, hamate - lunate, lunate - triquetrum were 24.75 ± 3.13 mm, 29.46 ± 2.85 mm and 26.48±2.08 mm. The thickness of triquetrum was 8.76 ± 0.91 mm. According to the measured datum of the four bones and the characteristics of Nitinol, NT - FCAC was designed. Conclusion The internal fixation instruments for four- corner arthrodesis can be designed ac- cording to the data and anatomical characteristics of capitatum, lunate, triquetrum and hamate.