职业接触正己烷引起周围神经损害的调查

Investigation and Analysis of Peripheral Nerve Impairment Induced by Occupational Exposure to Hexane

[目的]了解正己烷对接触工人的职业危害情况。[方法]用碳管采集工作场所空气中正己烷样品,用气相色谱法测定其浓度,对121名正己烷接触工人和90名对照组工人进行职业健康检查。[结果]接触正己烷的部分工人具有头痛(23.1%)、头晕(32.2%)、乏力(43.8%)、四肢麻木(50.4%)等症状;部分工人出现肌力下降(7.4%)、膝反射减弱或消失(11.6%)、手震颤(4.1%)。测定尿2,5-己二酮含量,86接触者(17.1%)超过职业接触限值。工作场所检测正己烷浓度范围263～385mg/m3,超过国家职业卫生标准。[结论]职业接触正己烷可引起四肢麻木、肌力下降等周围神经损害症状,并导致接触者尿2,5-己二酮含量升高;需要定期开展接触工人的职业健康检查和工作场所的正己烷浓度监测。

[ Objective] To investigate the occupational hazards of hexane to the exposed workers. [ Methods ] The hexane levels in the air of the workplace were determined, 121 workers in hexane-exposed group and 90 workers in control were given the physical examination according to the national regulation for occupational health surveillance. [ Results ] Some workers exposed to hexane had the following symptoms or signs, such as headache （ 23.1% ）, dizziness （ 32.2% ）, fatigue （ 43.8% ）, acroanesthesia （ 50.4% ）, decreased muscle strength （ 7.4% ）, decreased or vanished knee jerk （11.6% ）, and hand tremor（4.1%）. In addition, the concentrations of urinary 2, 5-hexanedione were determined in 121 workers, and 86 workers （17.1%）had excessive urinary 2, 5-hexanedione. The concentration of hexane in the air of the workplace was 263-385 mg/m^3 which was higher than the national health standards. [Conclusion] Hexane could induce the symptoms of peripheral nerve impairment, such as acroanesthesia, decreased muscle strength and the elevated levels of urinary 2, 5-hexane, therefore, it is necessary to carry out periodically occupational health examination for the hexane-exposed workers and to monitor the hexane levels in the workplace.