试论《哈尼阿培聪坡坡》所载各迁徙阶段的历史分期

A Study of The Historical Times of Each Migration Periods Recorded in The Hani Apei CongPoPo

《哈尼阿培聪坡坡》是哈尼族最重要的迁徙史诗,长期以来一直为研究哈尼族的学者所重视,但是诗中所载各迁徙阶段的历史分期问题一直没有得到很好的解决。文章尝试运用新的证据为该史诗断代。据国内史学界研究,哈尼人最迟已于唐朝年间到达红河地区,这一研究成果成为笔者为该史诗断代的基点。通过史诗所述谷哈密查时期哈尼人学会"烧石化水"、"造犁铸剑"这一重要信息,结合昆明地区最早出现炼铁技术的史学研究成果,笔者初步判断哈尼人在谷哈密查的生活年代当为西汉末年到东汉末年。之后运用了三尖叉、轺车、父子连名制、南中大姓及哈尼在那妥、石七生活期间的社会氛围等相关资料为断代结果做进一步的论证,以确保断代的科学性。

The Hani Apei CongPoPo is the most important migration epic of the Hani nationality and has been studied extensively by scholars. But arriving at an accurate historical time for each migration depicted in the epic has proven enigmatic. In this work we apply new evidence to resolve the epic＇s timeline problems. Historians have determined that the Hani people arrived in Honghe region no later than the Tang Dynasty. Their arrival at Honghe provides the starting point of our subsequent Hard historical timeline. The epic tells that Hani ancestors smelted ore to cast swords in the GuHamiCha region. Following this clue and other historical records, the authors find that the sword - making period likely occurred between the last years of the West Han Dynasty and the last years of the East Han Dynasty. Here we provide ample historical, ethnographical, and folkloristic evidence to support this deduction.