基追肥比例对烤烟干物质累积和碳氮代谢的影响

Effects of Ratio between Basal Fertilizer and Top-dressing on the Accumulation of Dry Matter and Carbon-nitrogen Metabolism of Flue-cured Tobacco

通过对不同基追肥比例对烤烟干物质累积和碳氮代谢的影响研究,结果表明:1.烤烟干物质累积主要集中在移栽后30～60d,在同等施肥量条件下,随着追肥比例的提高后期干物质累积强度越大且累积量也越大.叶部干物质累积主要集中在30～60d,烟茎干物质累积在移栽后45～75d,根部干物质累积主要在45～60d,各部位干物质累积量均表现为随着追肥比例的提高而增大.2.叶片光合速率在30d时迅速下降,光合稳定阶段主要在45～60d,且随着追肥比例的提高光合速率越小,超过70%光合作用又有所升高,光合速率60d后开始迅速下降,75d时下降速率开始变缓,并且随着追肥比例的升高下降速率越缓.烟叶叶绿素含量在生长前期变化不大,且受基追肥比例的影响也较小;后期迅速降低,追肥比例越高,后期叶绿素含量相对越大.3.前期烤烟体内硝酸还原酶含量较高,从45d开始迅速下降,60d以后基本稳定且略有升高.4.烟叶产量随着追肥比例的提高而提高,超过70%时产量明显降低,基追肥配合施用产量均高于基肥和追肥单施处理.产值、均价、上等烟比例和中上等烟比例综合比较以处理C为最优.

According to the research of the accumulation of dry matter and carbon-nitrogen metabolism which are affected by the ratio between basal fertilizer and top-dressing, the results show that, 1. the accumulation of dry matter was focus on 30 - 60 days after transplant. Under the same condition of fertilization, the speed and quantity of accumulation of dry matter increases with the increase of topdressing ratio. The leaves accumulation of dry matter was focused on 30 - 60 days, the stalks 45 - 75 days, the roots 45 - 60 days, the accumulation of dry matter in every part of plant enhance with the increase of top-dressing ratio. 2. the photosynthesis was declined quickly on 30 days, within 30 - 60 days was steady, and with the increase of top-dressing ratio, the photosynthesis was smaller, declined after 60 days, after 75 days declined was slowing, along with the increase of top-dressing ratio the descend slowly. The chlorophyll of tobacco was steady in the early growth period, and the effect by ratio between base fertilizer and top-dressing was small ; in later stage of growth, it declined quickly, with the increase of top-dressing ratio, the chlorophyll was enhanced. 3. the nitrate reductase activity was higher in the early growth period, declined quickly after 45 days, 60 days later it＇s steady and increased slightly. 4. the yield of tobacco was increased with the increase of top-dressing ratio, but after more than 70% it decreased. Fertilization with basal fertilizer and top-dressing better than only use basal fertilizer or top-dressing. Integrated consider production value ,average price and ratio of good grade tobacco, we believe that the disposal of C is best.