舵面跨声速气动弹性特性实验装置设计与分析

Designing and modeling analysis of an aeroelastic experimental system for rudder model in transonic flows

根据国内现有跨声速风洞实验条件,采用仿真设计和传统设计相结合的方法,设计了可以进行舵面跨声速气动弹性特性研究的舵面模型两自由度柔性支撑实验装置。该实验装置主要由弹性元件、配重和舵面部分组成。调节弹性元件圆轴的直径和长度可以改变支撑的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度,在配重盘上增减配重可以改变系统的质量特性。通过对实验装置的结构动力建模,对不同配重状态下的装置进行了模态计算和分析,计算结果显示实验装置的前两阶模态分别为舵面沉浮模态和舵面扭转模态,结果表明实验装置的这种结构形式能够满足舵面相对刚性的假设,可以用于研究舵面弯扭耦合颤振问题。同时用PK(Panovsky-Kielb)法对舵面的风洞实验设计参考点的颤振临界速度进行了估算,计算的颤振结果满足现有风洞实验条件。

Based on available domestic transonic wind tunnel test facility, the combined design method of simulation design and traditional design was used to devise a two degree-of-freedom rudder model support system for transonic rudder aeroelasticity wind tunnel tests. This experimental system mainly consisted of springrods, ballasts and rudder. The stiffness of plunge and pitch mode can be adjusted by changing the diameter and length of the spring-rod. And the mass property of the system can be changed by loading ballasts of different weight. Through structural dynamic modeling, modal computation and analysis were conducted for the support system under different weight loading situations. The result showed that the first mode of the system was the plunge mode and the second one of the system was pitch, which indicated that the structure layout of the system was able to satisfy the hypothesis that the rudder is relatively rigid. Meanwhile, estimation was made by PK method on the critical flutter velocity of the rudder and the experimental system at the design wind tunnel test condition, which turned out to satisfy the available wind tunnel test conditions.