地震灾害对四川省区域生态系统危害及损失评价

The harm and loss of ecosystem assessment of earthquake disaster in Sichuan Province

地震是自然灾害中最为严重的一种,其带来的生态破坏灾难巨大,区域生态系统损害估算是目前研究中的难点问题之一。对我国西部地震的生态损失特点进行了研究,系统总结国内外地震灾害的生态系统损失评估成果,提出了西部地震生态损失评估模型:Eq=ED+ERC+ERL,利用指数分析法和机会成本法等构建了地震研究的基本计算模型和理论,提出用地震生态损失量和地震生态损失灾害度相结合的办法来研究具体区域生态系统的地震灾害损失。利用模型计算,四川省在本次地震中森林碳汇储备能力每年损失78.1万t,损失价值2.5×108元,森林释放氧气能力降低67.38万t,损失价值2.7×108元。直接生态系统损失(ED)647.58×108元,生态系统恢复费用(ERC)1158.31×108元,全省森林生态系统生态服务价值损失达1055.88×108元,综合生态损失在3527.31×108元,灾度0.38,属于明显灾害破坏。灾害损失和灾害度的快速评估对于指导灾后生态系统重建工作和生态系统工程的防灾都具有重要的积极作用。

As one of the most serious natural disasters, earthquake normally brings huge ecosystem damage. But the quantitative assessment to this kind of ecosystem damage is relevant difficult. This paper studied the ecological characteristics of the earthquake losses in western China. After analysing the recent research of earthquake-caused ecosysteml losses assessment, an ecosystem loss assessment model for the western China earthquake is proposed in this paper ：Eq = ED ＋ERC ＋ ERL, Index analysis and the opportunity cost method are used to build up the basic theory and calculation model of the earthquake study. A method of combining the earthquake ecological loss and the disaster degree of the earthquake ecological damage is proposed for the purpose of earthquake ecological damage estimation in certain regions. By using this model, the forest carbon reserve capacity in Siehuan Province gets an annual loss of 781,000t after the earthquake, which counts for the value loss up to 2.5×10^8 yuan, while the capability of forests releasing oxygen reduces 673,800t annually, with the value loss of 2.7 ×10^8 yuan. Direct ecosystem loss （ED） is 647.58 ×10^8 yuan, while ecosystem restoration cost （ERC） is 1158.31 ×10^8 yuan. The provincial forest ecological service value losses amounts to 1055.88 ×10^8 yuan. The integrated ecological damage is 3527.31 ×10^8 yuan, with the disaster degree being 0.38, sorted to the obvious disaster damage. The rapid assessment of the disaster losses and the disaster degree have important positive impact to guide post-dlsaster ecosystem reconstruction and ecological disaster prevention.