基于旅游从业者的卧龙自然保护区旅游发展有效性分析:社区参与视角

Effectiveness of tourism in protected area based on tourism related business operators in Wolong Nature Reserve:perspectives of local participation

以卧龙自然保护区为例,采用问卷调查的方法对旅游从业者的来源地、收入分布和职业分布特征进行了研究,以综合分析旅游发展与生物多样性保护、经济发展以及保护区管理之间的关系及面临的问题,探讨旅游发展的有效性。结果表明,尽管旅游发展对当地经济有一定的贡献,但尚存如下问题需要解决:(1)旅游与当地居民经济参与和生物多样性保护之间关系比较微弱;(2)经济漏损和收入分配不平衡;(3)当地居民进入旅游业受到启动资金及技术技能条件的限制。

Theoretically, tourism in protected area plays an important role in reconciling the conflicts between local development and biodiversity conservation. However, its effects are hard to achieve in practice when confronting complex socio-economic conditions. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the effectiveness of tourism in practice in order to achieve sustainable protected area management and tourism development. For stakeholders of tourism in the protected area, local community always acts as bridge in connecting tourism, biodiversity conservation and protected area management. They are often taken as main object in evaluating tourism in protected area. The paper studies the current economic participation status of local people in tourism in Wolong Nature Reserve, using a questionnaire survey. Choosing tourism related business operators as objects, we evaluated their geographical origin, income and occupational distribution. The results have shown： （1） The relationships among tourism, local people and biodiversity conservation are still weak in the study area. Local people, especially those suffering economic loss from wild animal destroy were not involved in tourism. Outsiders who do not bear conservation cost have an advantage in economic participation in tourism. In addition, some local people involved in the tourism are still dependent on local natural resources; （2） Economic losses happen in the study area. Economic income from tourism is not retained in the study area to improve economic circle. Most tourism products are imported from outside the study area and few local resources are developed; （3） Local people＇s economic participation is constrained due to limited startup capital and operational skills. They are also confronted with competition with outsiders, For the manager, it is important to provide technical training and startup capital to local people and give them priority in employment.