环境内分泌干扰物——邻苯二甲酸酯的生物降解研究进展

Advances in Research of Biodegradation of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors-Phthalate Esters

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类重要的合成有机物,主要用作增塑剂来提高塑料树脂的机械性能尤其是柔韧性.近年来,由于在全球范围内的广泛使用,在环境中的普遍存在,以及其内分泌干扰毒性,邻苯二甲酸酯受到了人们越来越多的关注.微生物降解被认为是邻苯二甲酸酯完全矿化的主要途径.邻苯二甲酸酯的降解机制与途径已经在细菌中得到广泛的研究,但是在真菌领域的报道还很少见.本文主要概述了邻苯二甲酸酯的环境污染现状,介绍了其对人和动物的健康危害,并且综述了邻苯二甲酸酯微生物降解的研究进展,包括降解菌的种类、降解的代谢途径及相应的分子机制,以及真菌对邻苯二甲酸酯的降解研究等.

Phthalate esters （PAEs） are synthetic compounds used as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties of the plastic resin, particularly its flexibility and softness. In recent years, they have attracted increasing attention owing to their extensive use, ubiquity in the environment and endocrine-disrupting activity. Microbial degradation is the principal way for completely mineralization of phthalates in natural environments. The degradation mechanisms and pathways of phthalates have been consolidated by using bacteria while those using fungi have rarely been reported. This article mainly summarizes the pollution status of phthalates, introduces the health hazard of phthalates to humans and animals, and reviews the current research progress in the microbial degradation of phthalates, including species of phthalate-degrading bacteria, degradation pathways and related molecular bases, and fungal degradation of phthalates. Fig 3, Tab 6, Ref62