岩爆及其判据和防治

ROCKBURST AND ITS CRITERIA AND CONTROL

岩爆研究可以追溯到18世纪上半叶。迄今为止,虽然诸多科研成果已经问世,但岩爆仍然是一个世界性难题。作为一般性的论述,首先提供一些背景材料,涉及到国内外一些工程实例、研究方法等。然后,叙述国际范围内常用的一些岩爆判据和岩爆分级方法;论述岩爆的预测和预报;对岩爆防治,包括应力解除钻孔、注水湿化和锚固等方法进行综述。最后,对锦屏二级水电站辅助洞发生的岩爆实例进行重点介绍,并在综合已有资料的基础上对岩爆判据、分级及防治等提出意见和建议。

The research on rockburst could be traced back to the first half of the 18th century. Since then, although a great deal of scientific achievements have been published, this topic is still an outstanding problem worldwide so far. As an overall review, this paper presents first some background information relating case histories, research methodologies etc. at home and abroad. And then, the criteria and classification of rockburst commonly used at home and abroad are described. The forecast and prediction ofrockburst phenomena are discussed too. After that, the rockburst control, including stress relief drilling, water injecting, anchoring etc. are overviewed. Finally, a key case history related to the rockburst phenomena occurring in the auxiliary adit of the Jinping II Hydropower Station is described emphatically. On the basis of analyzing the previous information, some practical methods for classification, prevention and mitigation ofrockburst are proposed.