一个中国商品经济社会萌芽的典型--论明清淮盐经营与徽商

A Model of China's Economic and Social Sprout-On the Management of Huai Salt and Huai Merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

中国由传统自然经济社会,向近现代商品经济社会萌发过渡,有自身特色。以往对中国资本主义萌芽的研究,不能如实反映这种特色。明清时期,因淮盐经营体制发生变革,以及特殊的历史条件,使我国古代最大的商业资本集团——两淮盐商集团应运而生,徽商便在其中扮演重要的角色。该变革使我们不仅看到资本在一定范围内对经济发展和社会进步所起到的推动作用,而且看到社会结构开始变动,利益格局出现调整,人的思想观念也发生变化,并引起一定的社会矛盾与问题。因这些现象,正是在由传统自然经济社会,向近现代商品经济社会的变革过程中所要出现的,故将明清两淮盐业的兴盛,作为中国商品经济社会萌芽的一个典型是合适的。

Chinese traditional natural economic society to modern commercial economic social spout was a transition with its own characteristic. Anciently studying Chinese capitalist sprout was not a true reflection of such characteristic, so we should start all over again. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, because of the change of salt system of Huai salt management and special historical condition, the largest commercial capital group--Liang Huai Salt Merchants Group emerged as the times require and among them, Huai salt merchants played an important role. This change made us not only to see that capital acted pushing function to economic development and social progress in the certain extension, but to see social structure began to alteration; the pattern of benefit began to adjust; people＇s ideological concept also changed and all these arose definite social contradiction and problem. The phenomenon emerged in the changing course, so taking the flourishing Liang Huai salt industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as model of Chinese commercial economy social sprout is appropriate.