护士长领导行为与护士工作倦怠的相关性

Research on Correlation between Leadership behaviors of Head nurses and Work Burnout of Staff Nurses

目的探讨护士长的领导行为、护士工作倦怠水平以及两者之间的关系。方法采用问卷调查法,对哈尔滨市5所三级甲等医院的279名护理人员进行领导行为量表及工作倦怠感问卷的调查。结果护士评价护士长的5种领导行为得分皆为中高等水平,得分由高到低分别为影响并授权他人、榜样作用、激励人心、挑战现状和共启愿景;护士工作倦怠感3个子条目中,情绪衰竭得分高于常模,成就感低落得分低于常模(P<0.01);5种领导行为与护士工作倦怠总分、情绪衰竭、去人性化均呈负相关(P<0.05或0.01),且与成就感低落呈正相关(P<0.01);"激励人心"、"影响并授权他人"、"挑战工作现状"分别是情绪衰竭、去人性化、成就感低落的解释变量。结论护士长应注意优化自身的领导行为,以有效降低护士的工作倦怠水平,提高工作效率及护理质量。

Objective To investigate leadership behaviors of head nurses,the work burnout level of staff nurses and correlation between them. Methods Two hundreds seventy-nine staff nurses from 5 Grade-A hospitals were surveyed by using leadership behavior scale and work burnout questionnaire. Results Scores of 5 types of head nurses＇ leadership behaviors rated by staff nurses were at high or moderate level, with influeflcing and delegating others, role-model, encouraging people,challenging the current situation and shared wishes ranking from the highest to the lowest. Among 3 subitems of staff nurses＇ work burnout,the score of emotional burnout was significantly higher than the normal,while the score ot low sense of accompnsnment was greauy lower than the normal（ P〈0.01）. There was significantly negative correlation between the score of 5 types of head nurses＇ leadership behaviors and total score of nurses＇ work burnout, as well as the score of emotion exhaustion and depersonaliztion. But leadership behaviors had significantly postive correlation with low sense of accomplishment. Encouraging people,influencing and delegating others, and challenging current situation were the explanatory variation of emotion exhaustion, depersonalization and low sense of accomplishment respectively. Conclusion Head nurses should pay attention to optimizing their leadership behaviors so as to effectively decrease the work burnout level of staff nurses and improve their work efficiency and nursing quality.