道德价值及其实现

Moral value and its realization

分析了关于道德价值的五大流行定义:"需要"说、"应该"说、"情感"说、"意义"说和"关系"说等。分析发现,这些观点均具有真理性,也有进一步完善之必要;如果把道德价值界定为:"道德事实与人之间特有的社会关系,它标志着道德事实对人的本质之确证和完善",或许会更加接近道德价值的内在特质。进而认为,道德价值是以实践—精神、功利—道义、个人—社会、自律—他律、相对—绝对相统一的方式来把握,并通过认可正确道德价值、实现道德认知与道德实践的互动转化、形成内在道德素质与外在道德习惯、坚持个体道德价值取向与社会道德价值要求相统一等途径实现。

Through analysis of the five definitions of moral value, the need theory, the ought-to-being theory, the emotion theory, the meaning theory and the relationship theory, the author finds that they all have reasonable theoretical foundations, but not perfect. If the moral value is defined as the social relationship between moral facts and human being, it can symbolize the ensurance and perfection of human nature caused by moral facts, closer to the nature of moral value. Then the paper holds that the moral value can be mastered through the unifications of the practice and the spirit, the material gaining and the moral, the individual and the society, the self-discipline and the law, the relativity and the absolution. And it can also be realized by correct understanding of moral value, the inter-conversion of moral recognition and moral practices, the formation of the individual moral quality and the social moral habits, the unification of moral orientation and social moral requirements.