胎儿泌尿系畸形的产前超声诊断分析

Ultrasonographic detection of urinary system abnormality in fetus

为了提高小儿泌尿外科的诊治水平，报告应用Ｂ超检出胎儿泌尿系畸形１９例，均经尸解或产后手术证实。其中肾积水１０例，双肾发育不良４例，多囊肾２例，单侧肾多发囊肿２例，孤立肾并肾囊肿１例。对各种畸形的声像图特征及产前诊断的意义进行了讨论。认为，妊娠中晚期，胎儿肾盂分离值大于１．５ｃｍ时，一般可诊断肾积水；而在妊娠早期，胎儿肾盂分离值应与相应孕周的正常值进行比较，如大于相应孕周正常值，虽绝对值未超过１．５ｃｍ，亦应列为动态观察对象，定期复查，以便早期确诊。

Urinary system abnormality was detected ultrasonographicaly in 19 fetus, consisting of 10 hydronephrosis,4 bilateral renal hypoplasia, 2 polycystic kidney, 2 multiple cysts in one of the kidneys and 1 solitary kidney with renal cyst. The ultrasonographic manifestations of these abnormalities were discussed. During mid and late pregnancy when the renal pelvis separation in the fetus exceeded 15mm, hydronephrosis could be generally established. In early pregnancy, if the pelvis separation value was larger than the normal value in the corresponding aged fetus, close followup study was needed though the pelvis separation has been below 15mm.