昆曲《牡丹亭》“传统版”与“青春版”之比较研究

Comparison between "Traditional Edition" and "Youth Edition" of Kunqu Opera The Peony Pavilion

昆曲历史悠久,影响深远,它有着独特渊厚的美学传统和独具神韵的东方风格,使其数百年来历经沧桑而始终对于人们具有永恒的魅力。《牡丹亭》上承"西厢",下启"红楼",是中国浪漫主义文学传统中一座巍巍高峰。其瑰丽的爱情传奇,以典雅唯美的昆曲来演绎,相得益彰,四百多年来不绝于舞台。2001年,昆曲被联合国教科文组织列为首批"人类口头和非物质文化遗产代表作"。2004年,由台湾著名学者白先勇先生制作,两岸三地艺术家携手打造的青春版《牡丹亭》在全国范围内的上演,更带给这门古老的艺术以青春的喜悦和生命。本文以昆曲《牡丹亭》为切入点,以对《牡丹亭·游园》一折唱腔的分析为重点,得出南昆风格戏曲唱腔的特点;对青春版《牡丹亭》的艺术成就和影响加以总结,并对昆曲的继承和发展提出了笔者的观点。

Kunqu opera has a long history and has exerted a tremendous influence. Its unique and deep aesthetic tradition and special orient style have formed its everlasting artistic charm during several hundred years. The Peony Pavilion, after Romance of The Western Chamber and before The Red Mansion, is a loftypeak in traditional Chinese romantic literature. The magnificent love legend and elegant esthetical Kunqu opera art have brought out the best in each other on the stage for more than 400 years. In 2001, UNES- CO for the first time awarded the title of＂Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity＂ to some outstanding cultural forms of expression, including Chinese Kunqu opera. In 2004, produced by Mr. Bai Xianyong, a famous scholar in Taiwan, The Peony Pavilion （the youth edition） was performed in China. Some artists from Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao took an active part in the performance so as to make the ancient art reborn. The author would analyze the part ofA Stroll in the Garden of The Peony Pavilion to probe into the characteristics of the qiang （music for voices） of Southern Kunqu opera, also to summarize the artistic achievement and influence of The Peony Pavilion （the youth edition）. Then the author put forward the viewpoint of how to inherit and develop Kunqu Opera art.