重庆市城乡居民高血压患病及影响因素分析

Epidemiological study of hypertension in Chongqing area of China

目的探讨重庆高血压流行状况及影响因素,为制定高血压防治措施提供基础依据。方法2005年,在重庆市采用分层整群抽样的方法获取样本,以社区(村)为单位,抽取重庆市2005年城乡5 246人进行高血压调查及相关因素分析。结果重庆市高血压患病率18.49%,标准化率为16.65%。高血压患病率随年龄增大而逐渐增高,35岁以上患病率上升幅度明显。高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为41.55%,36.91%,10.72%;城市知晓率55.56%,治疗率52.51%,控制率16.49%,明显高于农村22.57%,15.78%,2.91%,均P<0.01。重庆市高血压危险因素有城乡差别、年龄、男性、超重或肥胖(BM I≥25)、腹型肥胖、高脂血症、口味偏咸、睡眠时间少。保护因素有文化程度、饮红茶等。结论重庆市高血压患病率呈较快上升趋势,主要危险因素为年龄、高脂血症、超重或肥胖、城乡差别、腹型肥胖。

Objective To explore epidemiological status and risk factors of hypertension in Chongqing and establish the foundation for prevention and cure of hypertension. Methods In 2005, we investigated the hypertension prevalence rate, awareness rate, treatment rate, control rate and analyzed risk factors of hypertension. Data collection was based on stratified cluster sampling. We classified community（village） as sample unit and obtained a sample size of 5,246 in both the urban and rural unit. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension in Chongqing was 18.49%, and the standardization rate was 16. 65%. The prevalence increased gradually with age,and this became more obvious for the participants of 35 years old or above. Rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 41.55%, 36.9t% and 10. 72 % respectively （55.56% ,52. 51% ,16.49% in the urban area and 22.57%, 15.78% ,2.91% in rural area,respectively）. The rates were significantly higher in urban area（P 〈 0. 01 ）. Risk factors associated with hypertension were age, gender, overweight or obesity （BMI ≥25 ）, abdomen obesity, hyperlipidemia, consumption of salty food and lack of sleep. Protective factors were education level, drinking black tea. Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension in Chongqing escalated rapidly from 11.9% in 1991 to 18.8 %. The main risk factors were age, hyperlipidemia, overweight or obesity, locality （urban or rural）, and abdomen obesity. There is an urgent need to carry out comprehensive hypertension prevention and treatment programs in communities, especially in the rural areas.