合肥市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Hefei city during 2005 and 2007

目的分析安徽省合肥市流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）流行特征。方法运用描述流行病学方法分析2005～2007年流脑疫情资料。结果合肥市2005～2007年流脑累计发病330例，2005年发病率为1．64／10万，至2007年上升到2．84／10万；经实验室确诊共，其中97．5％为C群，其余为未分群；冬春季发病高峰明显，每年1～4月流行期发病数均超过当年的70％；2005和2006年发病率最高为15～19岁组（8．63／10万，11．30／10万），2007年发病率最高为0～1岁组（11．15／10万），较2005年上升了近5．5倍；2005年城市发病数占病例总数的81．8％，2007年下降到43．6％，2005年农村发病数占病例总数的18．2％，2007年上升到56．4％；共发生19起聚集性流脑疫情，8起发生在学校，其中职业学校4起。结论流脑流行病学特征逐年变化，尤其病例年龄分布特征明显，应适时调整最佳免疫策略和预防措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Hefei city. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of the data from meningococcal meningitis epidemic situation in Hefei city during 2005 and 2007 was made. Results The cases of meningococcal meningitis during 2005 and 2007 were 330, and the incidence in 2005 was 1.64/100 000, comparing with 2. 84/100 000 in 2007. 120 cases were confirmed by laboratory,among which 117 cases（97. 5% ） were C sereogroup. Most of the cases occured in winter and spring, which accounted for more than 70.0% from January to April each year. The highest incidence age group during 2005 and 2006 was 15 - 19 （8.63/100 000,11.30/100 000）, while for 2007 it was 0 - 1 （ 11.5/100 000）, which was about 5.5 times of the same group in 2005. The proportion of the incidence in urban districts was 81.8% in 2005 ,while it was 43.6% in 2007. The proportion of the incidence in rural districts was 18.2% in 2005 ,while it was 56. 4% in 2007. Totally ,there were 19 outbreaks ,among which 8 occurred in schools （4 were in occupational school）. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis changed year by year, especially for age distribution. So the relevant immunological strategies and prevention measures need to be updated.