语法研究中“解释”的解释

Interpretation of Grammatical "Explanation"

本文认为语法研究既应重视描写,也应重视解释。把语法中的"解释"分为狭义解释和广义解释两类:"狭义解释"旨在探索语法现象成因的共性,以建立一种解释语法现象的理论模型;"广义解释"则包括共性解释理论之外的其他解释。文章认为描写语法应加强解释性,才能更深刻地理解所描写的现象,同时描写语法也应注重语法现象解释的多样性。文章还从生成、理解以及外因、内因等角度讨论了语法现象成因的哲学解释:提出句子的生成可分为静态生成和动态生成,静态生成的过程是由语义结构映射为句法结构的过程,动态生成的过程则是客观事件经过认知和思维到语法的过程;理解语法现象必须从句法结构深入到语义结构,并根据各种因素进行综合性的解释;本文认为制约或影响语法现象的原因有外因和内因,外因是动力,内因是条件,外因要通过内因才起作用。

In grammar study, great importance should be attached not only to description, but also to explanation. Such explanation can be divided into two types： narrow explanation and broad explanation. The former aids to explore the grammatical universals so as to set up an universal theoretical model for grammatical phenomena. The latter includes not only narrow explanations but also other explanations. This paper argues that in order to better understand what is described, descriptive grammar should also strengthen explanation.