江阴市农村居民营养与相关疾病的调查评估

Survey and Appraisal or the Nutrition and Relevant Diseases among the Rural Residents in Jiangyin City

目的评估江阴市农村居民膳食营养与相关疾病发生的主要影响因素、流行特点,为制定各类人群防控对策和干预措施,指导改善居民营养结构提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对江阴市3个乡镇6个行政村进行抽样调查,共抽取608个调查户,调查对象1640人,实施了询问调查、膳食调查、医学体检、检验检测,并对以上调查结果进行评估。结果江阴市成年人超重率为24.8%,肥胖率为5.8%。农村居民贫血总患病率为34.0%,高血压总患病率为26.8%,糖尿病总患病率3.4%,血脂总异常率为26.5%。结论通过对调查结果的系统评估,作者认为膳食营养结构的不合理、贫血、超重、血脂异常、高血压、过量饮酒、高盐调味品等已成为影响农村居民健康的重要因素,应采取有针对性地干预和综合防控措施,不断改善和提高居民的健康状况。

[Objective] To appraise the major factors that influence the diet nutrition and relevant diseases among the rural residents of Jiangyin City and provide evidence for the establishment of preventive countermeasures and the guidance of the nutrition improvement.[ Methods] Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to carry out spot check on 608 households （ 1640 residents） in 6 villages of Jiangyin City; peer survey, diet survey, medical examination and laboratory detection were carried out, and the result was appraised.[Results] The rate of overweight and obesity were 24.8% and 5.8% respectively; the total morbidity of anemia, hypertension, diabetes and abnormal blood lipid among the rural residents were 34.0%, 26.8%, 3.4% and 26.5% respectively.[Conclusion] The survey showed that irrational diet nutrition, anemia, overweight, abnormal blood lipid, hypertension, excessive drinking and excessive salt intake are the major factors that influence the health of the rural residents; pertinent interference and comprehensive preventive measures should be taken to improve the health of the rural residents.