某饮料厂职业病危害因素检测与评价

Measurement and Evaluation of Occupational Hazards in A Beverage Factory

目的了解饮料生产过程的职业危害因素,评价所采取的职业危害防护措施的效果,探讨职业危害关键控制点和防护的特殊要求。方法对某饮料厂进行职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素现场采样与实验室检测分析,开展职业健康检查。结果饮料生产过程中产生职业危害因素主要有高温、噪声、二氧化锰、电焊烟尘(总尘)、活性炭粉尘(总尘)、次氯酸钙粉尘(总尘)、盐酸、氢氧化钠、丁酮、氨、二氧化碳。各接触或工作岗位空气中总尘、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氨、丁酮、二氧化锰浓度均符合《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》(GBZ2-2002)中短时间接触容许浓度(PC-STEL)和时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)的卫生限值。44个噪声接触岗(区域)中的25个点超过《工业企业设计卫生标准》(GBZ1-2002)卫生限值。No.L6线注入机操作台二氧化碳浓度超过GBZ2-2002中PC-TWA、PC-STEL的卫生限值,No.L4～L5线注入机操作台二氧化碳浓度超过PC-TWA的卫生限值。结论饮料生产过程中职业危害因素多,应重视噪声、二氧化碳危害的控制。建议加强培训,提供必要的保护措施,减少职业病危害对劳动者健康的影响。

[Objective] To investigate the occupational hazards in a beverage production process, evaluate the effect of the measures which were adopted in the occupational hazards control, and discusses the key point on occupational hazards control and the protection.[Methods] The field occupational hygiene investigation, occupational hazards field sampling and the laboratory examination analysis were applied in the investigation.[Results] The hazards in the beverage production process include： high temperature, noise, manganese dioxide, welding fumes, activated carbon, Calcium hypochlorite hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, butanone, ammonia, carbon dioxide. The total dust, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, hutanone, manganese dioxide concentrations in the air or exposure were under the limit of the permissible concentration-short term exposure limit （PC-STEL） and the time weighted average allowable concentration（TWA-AC） of “exposure limit of occupational hazards in the workplace ”（GBZ 2-2002）. Of 44 noise exposure sites, 25 were over the health limits of “health standards for industrial design”（ GBZ 1-2002 ）. CO2 concentration in No.L6 console was over the limit of PC-TWA,PC-STEL of GBZ 2-2002, and the CO2 concentration in No.14 and No.15 console was over the limit of GBZ 2-2002.[Conclusion] A variety of occupational hazards exist in beverage production process, more attention should be paid to the control of noise and carbon dioxide. It is suggested to step up training, provide the necessary protection measures to reduce occupational health hazards for workers.