乙醇治疗急性减压病的适宜剂量探讨

Appropriate Dose of Alcohol in Treatment of Acute Decompression Sickness

目的探讨乙醇治疗急性减压病(ADCS)的适宜剂量。方法动物实验:健康雄性新西兰兔32只,根据随机表分为乙醇治疗组、对照组各16只。复制成ADCS动物模型后,乙醇治疗组耳缘静脉注射25%的乙醇溶液3～4.5ml/kg。对照组注射等量生理盐水。均经腹部造瘘口观察后腔静脉气泡消长情况。临床研究:根据12例ADCS患者病情及体重,酌情给予52度白酒100～150ml(52～78g,1～1.2g/kg)加入等量的葡萄糖溶液口服,观察并记录症状和体征的变化。结果动物实验显示乙醇静脉注射后,于15～35min内可有效缓解治疗兔的ADCS症状和体征,30～60min完全消除血循环中的减压性气泡。而对照组症状和体征以及血循环中的气泡则进行性进展或死亡。临床治疗显示,ADCS患者饮完52度白酒后,其症状和体征于15～25min内能得到有效改善。结论乙醇治疗ADCS的适宜剂量为1～1.2g/kg。

[Objective] To observe the effect of ethanol on acute decompression sickness（ADCS）.[Methods] 100-150 ml of 50%-60% alcohol, added with equal amount of 5% glucose, was taken orally by 12 patients with ADCS in 10 minutes, then the disappeared time of signs and symptoms correlated to ADCS were observed and recorded.[Results] After alcohol drinking, the signs and symptoms of 6 cases, their diving depth ≤30 meter, time ≤108 minutes, repeat ≤2 times were obviously improved in 15 minutes, disappeared in 30 minutes, and were complete normal in 60 minutes. The signs and symptoms of rest were obviously improved in 25 minutes, disappeared in 50 minutes, and were complete normal in 140 minutes.[Conclusion] The effect of alcohol on ADCS is good and safe, without obvious side effect. It is an effective therapy to replace air compression.