我国淤泥质海岸侵蚀研究现状与展望

Erosion on muddy coasts in China:an overview

系统总结了20世纪80年代以来我国淤泥质海岸侵蚀研究的新进展,着重对现代黄河三角洲、长江三角洲与杭州湾北岸以及苏北废黄河三角洲的侵蚀状况、机理、模式模型、灾害评价及防护对策等进行了综述,展望了今后我国淤泥质海岸侵蚀研究的主要内容,即加强对非周期性事件的野外现场观测及作用评估,加强侵蚀因素的定量研究,提高岸线判别精度,完善并推广数值计算模式模型,加强侵蚀灾害的综合评价等。

Because of effects of many factors, such as sea level rising, sediment supply reducing by rivers and coastal engineering, the phenomena of coastal erosion has already been universal. Since economic losses induced by coastal erosion are amazing, it has changed from a simplex natural variation process to a kind of disaster. Therefore, universal attention has been aroused by coastal erosion. Researches on coastal erosion at home started relatively late, which began with the Huanghe River Delta. Since 1980s, systematical and large scale researches have been developed gradually within the range of whole country. In order to provide comprehensive reference for the future researches, the new progresses in erosion researches on muddy coasts in China since 1980 were summarized systemically. The researches were mainly qualitative and quantitative analysis about erosion status, which focused on the modern Huanghe River Delta, the Changjiang River Delta, north shore of Hangzhouwan Bay and the old Huanghe River Delta in the north of Jiangsu province. The primary methods included statistically contrast between data from in-situ measurement, GIS and EOF. Because of different natural conditions and human activities, the factors leading to coastal erosion are different, moreover, they affect each other, which make it difficult to analyze quantificationally. Accordingly, material and in depth studies on effect degree of different factors should be carried out,according to different characteristics of different regions. Although remarkable progresses in numerical model and simulation have been made, there are still some problems such as low precision, small application area and bad popularization. In addition, modes used to calculate the coast erosion induced by sea level rise can＇t meet the demand. Many ways of estimating the erosive disaster have already been put forward. However, there are difficult to compare the estimates because different erosion factors were used. Now the unyielding methods and the yielding methods are in common use in coastal protection. Whereas both of the two methods have advantage and disadvantage, the ways should be the best choice to protect coast in the future. In a word, the coming erosion studies on muddy coast include field observation an about non-periodicity events, quantitative analysis about erosion factors, perfection of and simulation, integrated estimate of erosion disasters and improvement in the precision coastlines. process evaluation e numerical model distinguishing tee