企业集群中知识溢出的途径分析

The Analysis of Knowledge Spillovers in Enterprise Clusters

在企业集群内部,知识溢出是集群内企业技术创新的关键要素之一,它可以为企业的技术创新提供强大动力。企业集群知识溢出途径主要有四种,分别是供应商与客户关系、正式或非正式的合作研发、企业间人才的流动以及创业和衍生企业。在进行企业集群组织和制度设计时,需要综合考虑影响知识溢出的因素,以提高企业集群中知识传播的效率,提高企业的技术创新速度和水平。

In the enterprise clusters, knowledge spillovers have become the key factors in explaining the determinants of innovation and technological change. Through a literature review, the paper generalizes four ways of learning in innovative clusters： user - producer relationship, formal and informal collaboration, inter - firm mobility of skilled workers and the spin - off of new firms from existing firms, universities, and public research centers. It presents the methods of in- creasing the spread speed of knowledge spillovers and the development of innovation and technological change.