认知语境在隐喻认知构建中的制约作用

The Constraints of Cognitive Context on Cognitive Construction over Metaphors

隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段,也是人类的一种普遍思维方式,是对抽象范畴进行概念化的有力的认知工具,是概念系统中跨认知域的映射,是语境之间的相互作用。在认知语言学框架下,对认知语境在隐喻认知构建中的作用进行系统分析发现,以认知主体的知识草案和心理图式为基本操作单位的认知语境对隐喻的认知构建起至关重要的制约作用,这是由隐喻研究的三大表征方法及隐喻的认知本质和认知基础决定的。因此,隐喻认知构建离不开认知语境,对隐喻的解读也要充分考虑认知语境因素。

Metaphors are not only a rhetorical device, but a common way of human thinking, powerful cognitive tools for our conceptualization of abstract categories, the mapping across cognitive domains in conceptual systems, and the interactions be- tween contexts. Under cognitive linguistics, the constraints of cognitive contexts in metaphor construction are analyzed systematically. The finding is that cognitive context, with the cognitive participants＇ knowledge script and psychological schema as the working units, plays a decisive role in cognitive construction over metaphors, which is in accordance with the three representations of cognitive studies on metaphors, and the cognitive nature and basis of metaphors. Therefore, it is a basic rule that cognitive construction over metaphors is constrained by cognitive context which has therefore to be taken into account in interpreting metaphors.