甘肃小陇山桃花沟森林公园土壤肉鞭虫群落特征

Community characteristics of soil sarcodinid and flagellate in Taohuagou forest park in Xiaolongshan Mountains of Gansu

2004年8月—2007年7月,用非淹没培养皿法和活体观察法对桃花沟森林公园及符家滩土壤肉鞭虫的群落特征进行了研究。共鉴定出肉鞭虫75种,在桃花沟森林公园的土壤中鉴定出肉鞭虫69种,隶属于4纲10目22科33属,其中桃花沟景区的土壤肉鞭虫58种,普渡峡景区33种;而受人为干扰较为严重的符家滩的土样中鉴定出22种。在桃花沟森林公园土壤肉鞭虫群落中,金滴目、动基体目和变形目为其优势类群;星状棘变虫、噬棘变虫、气球屋滴虫、球形波豆虫、卵形波豆虫和变形泡虫为其优势种。符家滩土壤肉鞭虫群落中,眼虫目、金滴目和动基体目为其优势类群;卵形波豆虫为其优势种。桃花沟景区、普渡峡景区和符家滩土壤肉鞭虫的Gleason-Margalef物种多样性指数分别为6.60、4.00和3.20;桃花沟景区与普渡峡景区土壤肉鞭虫的Jaccard群落相似性系数为0.32,桃花沟景区、普渡峡景区与符家滩土壤肉鞭虫的群落相似性系数分别为0.18和0.20。结果表明,桃花沟森林公园土壤肉鞭虫物种丰富,特有和稀有物种繁多,群落结构复杂,群落组成具有鲜明的独特性,同时也表明自然环境与受人为干扰的环境中土壤肉鞭虫物种多样性和群落结构有显著差异。

By means of non-flooded petri dish method and in vivo observation, the community characteristics of soil sarcodinid and flagellate in Taohuagou Forest Park （including Taohuagou and Puduxia scenic areas） and Fujiatan （an area with heavy human disturbance） in Xiaolongs- han Mountains of Gansu province were studied from August 2004 to July 2007. A total of 75 species were identified. In Taohuagou Forest Park, there were 69 species belonging to 33 genera of 22 families from 10 orders in 4 classes, among which, 58 species were found in Taohuagou scenic area, and 33 species in Puduxia scenic area. In Fujiatan, 22 species were found. Chrysomnadida, Kinetoplastida, and Amoebida were the dominant orders, and Acanthamoeba astrortyxis, A. polyphaga, Oikomonas termo, Bodo globosus, B. ovatus, and Spumella amoebina were the dominant species in Taohuagou Forest Park; while Euglenida, Chrysomnadida, and Kinetoplastida were the dominant orders, and B. ovatus was the dominant species in Fujiatan. The Gleason- Margalef species diversity index in Taohuagou and Puduxia scenic areas of Taohuagou Forest Park and in Fujiatan was 6. 60, 4. 00, and 3.20, respectively, and the Jaccard similarity index was 0. 32 between Taohuagou scenic area and Puduxia scenic area, 0. 18 between Taohuagou scenic area and Fujiatan, and O. 20 between Puduxia scenic area and Fujiatan. The results showed that in Taohuagou Forest Park, the species of soil sarcodinid and flagellate were abundant, including a large number of endemic and rare species, the community structure was complex, and the species composition was unique. It was indicated that there were great differences in species diversity and community structure of soil sarcodinid and flagellate between intact and disturbed environments.