植物从个体到群落水平对放牧的响应

Responses of plant from individual to community level to grazing:A review

植物对放牧响应的研究是放牧生态系统中深入探讨家畜-植物相互作用机制、阐明放牧草地退化机理的重要部分。了解放牧干扰下物种特征、动态及群落物种组成可为放牧管理决策系统的建立和天然草地的健康管理提供科学依据。本文结合国内外放牧研究的现状,对放牧影响下植物的补偿及补偿机制、植物的形态可塑性变化及群落结构变化等主要研究内容进行了系统的总结。同时对不同群落中超补偿发生的机制、植物对放牧反应模式的研究、放牧对植物个体和群落结构的持久影响等内容进行了展望。

The study of plant responses to grazing is an important part in probing the mechanisms of livestock-plant interaction and of grassland degradation, and to understand the species charac- teristics and dynamics as well as the species composition of plant community under the disturbance of grazing will provide a scientific basis for the establishment of grazing management policy- making system and the scientific management of natural grassland. In this paper, the research progress in the plant compensation and its mechanism, plant morphological plasticity, and plant community structure under the disturbance of grazing was summarized, and the further researches about the over-compensatory mechanism of different plant communities, the response pattern of plant to grazing, and the long-term effects of grazing to plant individual and community were prospected.