美国早期特殊教育立法与实践新进展

An Updated Review on Early Childhood Special Education Legislation and Implement in America

美国政府颁布的《障碍者教育法案（2004）》是当前与美国早期特殊教育关系最密切的法案．对美国早期特殊教育的发展产生了重大影响。该法案的最新修订文本中增加了可以获得早期特殊教育服务的障碍类型，对早期特殊教育教师提出了更高的资质要求，进一步强调了家长的权利和义务，也对早期特殊教育服务两个阶段间的衔接作出了新的规定。美国早期特殊教育立法注重科学性和发展性，注重提高教师专业素质，强调多学科协作和家长参与。这些经验值得我们借鉴。

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act （IDEA） issued by U.S. government is closely related with early childhood special education and exerted profound impact on the development of American early childhood special education. The newest revision of the Act defined the types of disabilities to receive early special education service and higher requirements for the qualifications of the teachers; meanwhile, parents＇ rights and duties are highlighted and new regulations are made for the connection two stages of early childhood special education. American legislation of early childhood special education emphasizes scientific and development, teachers＇ qualification, multi-disciplinary collaboration and parent involvement, which provides reference for the practice in China.