黄土高原植被恢复与建设策略

Vegetation Rehabilitation and Building of Loess Plateau

以中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察——西北黄土区考察组获得的资料为依据,对黄土高原地区植被恢复的基础和潜力进行了系统分析,提出了植被恢复的目标和策略。黄土高原天然群落恢复的基本措施是封育,有条件的区域应实施人工促进,使植被自然恢复力与人为促进力相结合;人工植被建设应充分利用乡土树草种,合理利用外来种,采用防护性整地和管理措施,造林种草后引导乡土物种进入群落,进行天然化培育;以流域为治理单元,优化景观斑块空间布局和面积构成,逐步改造具有退化特征的人工群落,使建群种能够自我更新,群落可永续利用;政府部门在政策上要保护现有成果,扩大自然修复比例;保护大户承包治理的积极性,鼓励多元化投资,进行植被建设;扩大黄土区植被建设和科研投资力度,培育黄土区植被恢复方面的科技创新能力。

It analyzes the foundation and potentiality of vegetation rehabilitation systematically and proposes the objectives and tactics of vegetation rehabilitation of the Loess Plateau,based on the datas of scientific integrated survey which are obtained by Northwest Loess Area Study Group on soil and water loss and ecological security.The elementary measures for natural community rehabilitation of the Loess Plateau are fencing and artificially promoting when the condition is suitable,in order to combine the forces of natural vegetation rehabilitation with man-made promotion;making full use of the local species of trees and grasses and the foreign species for artificial rehabilitation,adopts protective measures of soil preparation and management,for inducing the local species into community for natural cultivation;taking a river basin as a treatment unit,optimizes the spatial layout and area composition of landscape spot and gradually rebuilds the artificial community which has the character of degeneration,achieving the self-rejuvenate and continuous utilization of the community;the government departments should protect the existing achievements by policy and expand the proportion of natural rehabilitation;protects the enthusiasm of large scale contract farmers and encourages multi-investment for vegetation building;expands the momentum of vegetation building and scientific investment for the loess area and promotes the innovation capability of vegetation rehabilitation of the loess area.