施肥对甜菜产量、物质积累和养分吸收规律的影响

Effect of Fertilization on the Yield and Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake Law of Sugar Beet

采用田间试验研究了施肥对甜菜产量、干物质积累和吸肥规律的影响。结果表明：氮、磷、钾肥配合施用可以提高甜菜产量，制约甜菜产量的养分因子依次为N〉P〉K。干物质日积累规律为：苗期增长缓慢，叶和块根分别在出苗后80，125d达到最大值，在60～80d时，块根的日积累量超过叶。氮的吸收速率，全株表现为慢-快-慢的规律，叶片和块根分别在出苗后100，160d达到最大值，氮的累积总量在叶中较多。磷的吸收速率，叶片表现为出苗后40～80d最快，块根在40～120d快速增加并达到最大值；磷在叶和根中的累积量分别在出苗后80，120d达到最大，80d之后根的累积量超过叶。对于钾，叶在出苗后40—120d快速吸收并达到最大值，块根在出苗60d后吸收加快，收获时达到最大；在整个生育期内块根对K的吸收量都低于叶。甜菜单株日吸收N和P量分别在出苗后100，60d达到最大值；K的日吸收量苗期较少，40～80d快速增加达到最大，收获前出现负增长。

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of fertilization on the yield, dry matter accumulation and fertilizer uptake law of sugar beet. The results showed that applying N, P, K cooperatively can increase the sugar beet yield. The effects of these three nutrient were N 〉 P 〉 K. The dry matter increased slowly after emergence, then became faster and reached the maximum on the 80th to 125th day in leaf and root tuber respectively. The dry biomass of root tuber was higher than the leaf on the 100th day after emergence. The nitrogen was absorbed as a.unimodal line in a complete stool. The maximum velocity in leaf and root appeared on the 100th day and 80 - 120th day after emergency respectively. The nitrogen accumulated more in the leaves than in the roots. The leaf and root absorbed phosphorus fast on the 40 - 80th day and 40 - 120th day after emergency respectively and the maximum accumulation appeared on the 80th day and 100th day after emergency. The P accumulated more in the root than leaf after 80 d emergence. The content of K increased fast after 40 and 60 d emergency in the leaf and root respectively, and was maximum on the 120th day and harvest time. The N and P content absorbed daily in beet was highest on the 100th and 60th day after emergency. The potassium content per day increased slowly in the seeding period then faster on the 40th to 80th day and reached the high peak, decreased sharply after that, increased negatively on the harvest period.