南极Amanda湾帝企鹅卵的生态生物学及与其它南极海鸟卵的比较

ECO-BIOLOGY OF EGGS OF EMPEROR PENGUIN AND ITS COMPARISON WITH OTHER SEA BIRD EGGS IN ANTARCTICA

对南极Amanda湾帝企鹅的卵进行了生态生物学观测与相应的统计分析。结果显示,帝企鹅卵为典型的卵形卵,平均长、短径分别为121.3mm和83.8mm;平均卵容量409.3ml(322.6—506.4ml),卵的平均壳厚为1.11mm(0.94—1.23mm)。帝企鹅和南方巨鹱、白眉企鹅以及灰贼鸥等南极海鸟的卵相比较,卵的形态大小与容量成正比,同时,容量较大的卵具有较厚的卵壳,以增强对卵的保护。这些海鸟卵的生态生物学特征,包括保护色的有无、卵容量的大小,以及卵壳厚度等特征参数,是这些海鸟种的明显特征,并与亲鸟在繁殖期的窝卵数以及孵化习性相协调,以达到对南极环境的适应与生存。

Eggs of emperor penguin from Amanda Bay, Antarctica were measured and analysed in statistics and eco-biology. The results show that the eggs were typical ovum in the shape, and it was 121.3 mm in mean length and 83.8 mm in breadth, with mean volume of 409.3 ml （range of 322.6--506.4 ml） and mean thickness of 1.11 mm （range of 0.94--1.32 mm）. Because of dry Antarctic weather and embryonic metabolism as well, the inner materials of egg would be changed and lost with the time. In comparison of the eggs of Emperor Penguin, Southern Giant Petrel, Papua Penguin and South Polar Skua, their egg size has quite positive relationship with egg volume. Meanwhile, the egg which has larger volume could homologically have thicker shell to enhance egg egg size, colour and strength Eco-biological parameters of birds＇ eggs in Antarctic, such as speckles, as well as thickness, are important species features, which could be well coordinated with clutch size and breeding habits by adults, so as to adapt and survive in severe environment condition in Antarctica.