重大事件公众参与的国际经验与教训

International Practices of Public Participation during Mega-events Management

作为一种新的旨在刺激举办地经济发展的、具有潜在高风险的公共政策,奥运会、世博会等重大事件有广泛的公众参与要求,而事实上公众很少能参与重大事件的决策过程。本文从参与领域、途径和保障等角度,对国外重大事件公众参与的实践进行了分析,并得出最终结论:在重大事件管理的全过程(研究-申办-筹办-举办-事后管理),公众都能以不同形式参与进来;而且,只要是事件管理者主动吸收公众参与,他们大都倾向于使用较高级的参与形式。另外,对国外相关事件的公众参与经验进行归纳总结,也能给北京奥运会、上海世博会的组织者带来有益的启示。

As a kind of highly risky public policies which aims to stimulate the development of local economy, mega-events such as the Olympic Games and World Expo call for extensive and effective public participation. From the perspectives of participation fields, participation ways and indemnificatory system, this paper gave an all-around research to the international practices of public participation during mega-events management. The result shows that the publics can engage themselves in the events in special ways during the whole process of mega-events management, and the event organizers prefer adopting advanced participation forms as long as they tend to interact with the publics in their own initiatives. Moreover, it＇s necessary to learn from the success or lessons of public participation in mega-events management abroad, which can offer significant experience to 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2010 Shanghai World Expo and other domestic large events