历史比较语言学的贡献与局限性概述

A Review of the Researches on Historical Comparative Linguistics

历史比较语言学是语言学中第一个科学流派,主导了整个19世纪的语言学研究,取得了辉煌的成就。历史比较语言学把语言当作一门科学来研究,建立了比较的方法,为历史文献语料的梳理建立了有效的框架,并深刻影响了其他学科的建立;但是它也存在一定的局限性,如历史比较法只适用有亲属语言和有发生学关系语言史的研究,非常依赖材料,且只关注语言的分化,更多地描写语言的历史和历时的纵向研究。

Historical Comparative Linguistics is the first scientific school of linguistic in 19 century. It has made a perfect success in those days. It makes many contributions on linguistic research, which creates the historical method of comparative research, makes an effective study frame for describing the historical literature corpus, furthermore it influences on other science fields. Of course, it has also some limitations, such as, it just focuses on research of family languages and the differentiation of language, especially it requires a lot of rich materials.