比较优势与宪政民主:发展中国家制度模仿中的两难选择

Comparative advantage and constitutional democracy:dilemma in developing countries' imitating systems of developed countries

发展中国家是否应模仿发达国家的制度、实行激进改革,对此肯定与否定的回答都未充分认识到制度模仿后,一国所面临的宪政民主与违背比较优势发展战略之间的两难选择。两难选择出现的根本原因是发展中国家当前的经济发展阶段与其所模仿的制度内容不相适应。因此,即使发展中国家进行制度模仿,也应保持一定决策权的集中,以抵消资本密集型产业集团对政策的压力,使得发展战略行进于正确的路径上。

Should developing countries duplicate the systems in developed countries and pursue radical reforms？ Both positive and negative answers to this question lack adequate recognition of the dilemma between pursuing constitutional democracy and seeking development strategy according to comparative advantages. This article firstly deals with the causes of the dilemma concerning the influences on policies by industrial groups in developing countries according to group action theory. Then, it analyzes the relationships between constitutional system and development strategy of a country in the light of dynamic evolution of world market system. Finally, a conclusion is drawn that, during the on-going world market system, the developing countries imitating systems can hardly avoid the trend of violating the development strategy according to comparative advantages, which makes it more difficult to catch up with developed economies. On the contrary, the developing countries who don not imitate systems are more likely to develop economies according to comparative advantages and facilitate their economic growth.