柱型苹果引种研究

Study on the Performance of Columnar Apple Varieties

在山东省的自然条件下进行了柱型苹果引种试验。结果表明,3个柱型苹果品种生长结果正常,表现出典型的柱型生长习性。柱型苹果与生产上常见品种的花期相遇,可以互为授粉树。利用M_(26)和M_9矮化中间砧可有效地控制树体高度和侧梢的产生,促进成花和结果。不同砧木或中间砧对柱型苹果果实的品质性状有一定的影响。在高度密植(0.6m×1.0m)条件下,1年生和2年生柱型苹果即可获得较高的产量。在供试的3个品种中,以特拉蒙综合表现较好。杂交试验表明,柱型性状是由单个显性基因(Co基因)控制的,利用现有的柱型苹果品种作为亲本选育新的柱型苹果品种是可行的。

Study was carried out in a hillside orchard with a sandy loam soil. Results showed that the columnar apple varieties grew and bore fruit well with typical columnar growth habit. Flower-ing date of columnar apple met well with those of standard type apple varieties. The compatibility of pollination between columnar and standard type apple varieties was very good. M26 and M9 used as interstocks were very effective in controlling tree height, lateral growth, flower bud formation and bearing. The fruit quality varied with rootstocks and interstocks. Young trees (1-year-old and 2-year-old) of columnar apple varieties planted with high density(0. 6m×1. 0m) showed good pro-ductivity. Among three columnar varieties, Telemon was the most promising. The experiment of hybridization indicated that columnar growth habit is controlled by a single dominant gene.