竹子育种工作现状及前景

BAMBOO BREEDING: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS

回顾２０多年的竹子育种工作，指出主要成绩是：（１）培育出一批优良杂种，这些杂种生长旺盛，繁殖能力强，适应性广，种植面积约有６６６公顷。（２）竹子的组织培养技术逐渐完善，组织培养与常规育苗技术相结合可以快速繁殖苗，从而可解决优良品种繁殖难、传播难的问题。（３）几种竹子在试管里多次开花，这意味着可以通过组织培养促进竹子开花、保存开花材料，竹子育种工作的水平有希望在现有的基础上进一步提高。（４）竹子无性系选育工作开始起步，通过调查发现，现在普遍栽培的品种中，无性系间无论形态、产量、竹笋的风味等等方面均存在着差异，开发利用现有优良无性系是比较现实的一种获得遗传增益的好方法。竹子遗传改良工作今后着眼于定向培育营养价值高、风味好的笋用竹种，抗旱、耐久、纤维素含量高的纸浆竹种及观赏性强的园林竹种。而要解决的关键技术问题是成年竹的组织培养、试管苗花质量的改善及鉴别优良无性系的简便方法。

The Bamboo breeding in the past twenty years is reviewed, the main achievements are as following: 1. A series of hybrids good in vitality, reproductive capacity and adaptability were obtained. These hybrids have been grown in several provinces with about 660 ha in area. 2. The tissue culture technology of bamboo is being improved day by day. The combining of tissue culture and conventional propagation methods makes it possible for bamboo to reproduce rapidly,which is a solution to the problem that good bamboo species are normally not easy to propagate. 3. Several species have been found flower in vitro. That means it is posible to promote the flowering of bamboo and to keep flowering material by tissue culture. Bamboo breeding may be further improved. 4. The clone breeding of bamboo is at the beginning. Investigations show that there are differences on form,productive capacity,shoot taste,ect,among the clones of the widespread cultivated species. To make use of available excellent clones is a realistic good way to get genetic gain. Hereafter, bamboo breeding should focus on those species for nutritious and tasty shoot, for pulp-making with drought-resistance and durability, and for ornamental use. The crucial technological issues facing us are tissue culture using mature bamboos, improvment of the quality of in vitro bamboo flowers and how to identify the excellent clone in a simple way.