发电批发市场和配电零售市场的联合均衡分析

Joint Equilibrium in Wholesale Electricity Market and Retail Market

基于配电零售市场开放后的电力用户需求特性为基础,提出了发电批发市场和配电零售市场并存后的联合均衡模型,用于分析零售市场开放对实时现货市场的影响.根据电力负荷特点,按高峰、低谷两种方式模拟零售电价与实时电价的关系,给出了零售市场完全竞争机制和部分管制机制下发电批发市场和配电零售市场并存后的联合均衡结果.算例验证表明,零售市场的开放将有效减少电力总需求,降低电力现货价格,体现电力需求弹性效应.另外,随着配电零售市场的逐步放开,固定配电价格对实时电价的影响越来越小,而电力需求弹性对实时电价的影响则越来越大.

Based on the electricity demand characteristics in deregulated retail market, a joint equilibrium model in both wholesale electricity market and retail market was proposed. It is used to illustrate the effect of deregulation in electricity retail market on wholesale spot market. According to the demand load profile, different relationships between retail price were wholesale spot price were simulated for peak load period and valley load period respectively. Then, the joint equilibria in both wholesale electricity market were retail market were derived under completely deregulated retail market and partly retail-side regulation. The numerical result shows the effectiveness of the proposed model. It points out that deregulation of retail market will reduce the total electricity demand, decrease the spot market clearing price, and make the electricity demand more elastic. It also can be concluded that more competitive the retail market is, less effect of fixed retail price but larger effect of demand elasticity will be on the spot market clearing price.