西南地区水旱轮作系统养分管理存在问题分析与管理策略建议

The current status of nutrient management and strategy in paddy rice-upland crop rotation in southwest China

本文通过农户调查的方法研究了西南地区水旱轮作系统养分管理现状与存在的主要问题,并提出了管理策略建议。调查结果表明,农户间施肥量差异大,过量与不足现象并存;养分施用不平衡、偏施氮肥的现象比较普遍;氮肥施用时期不合理,与作物需求不同步;没有考虑环境养分供应与水旱轮作系统养分动态特征。养分管理应当遵循:从整个轮作系统出发调控养分,综合应用各种养分资源,根据不同养分资源的特征确定管理策略,以及综合应用减少养分损失,高产栽培等农作技术的养分资源综合管理策略。

The surveys were conducted to understand the nutrient management practices of farmers using paddy rice-upland crop rotation in southwest China. The results showed that both over-use and under-application fertilizer occurred in this cropping system. Farmers prefer to use more N fertilizer and led to unbalance application in N, P and K. N application time did not match crop nutrient demand. The nutrients from environment and characteristics of nutrient dynamic during the whole rotation period were not considered when farmers determined fertilizer applied rate. The strategy suggested included nutrient management from the whole rotation system perspective, the integrated use of nutrients from various sources （chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers and nutrients from the environment） , using different management technologies according to the characteristics of different nutrient resources, and integrating nutrient management with other cropping system technologies, like water saving and high yield cultivation etc.