不同晾房白肋烟晾制过程中生物碱和总氮含量的变化

Changes in alkaloid and total nitrogen contents during air-curing of burley tobacco in different curing barns

采用5种晾房（竹笆涂泥晾房、美式全板晾房、黑膜夹草晾房、金黑膜晾房、黑膜推杆晾棚）和2种采收方式（半整株采收和摘叶采收）研究了白肋烟晾制过程中生物碱、总氮含量及氮碱比的交化。在烟叶晾制过程中，烟碱和总生物碱含量总体呈下降趋势，降烟碱、假木贼碱和新烟草碱变化相对较小。竹笆涂泥、美式全板、黑膜夹草3种方式烟碱含量的下降幅度相对较大，中部叶和上部叶下降幅度分别为17．6％-27．6％和16．5％～19．7％，晾制后烟叶生物碱含量和氮碱比较为适宜；而黑膜推竿晾制和全黑膜晾房的烟叶烟碱含量降低幅度较小，氮碱比偏小。摘叶采收烟叶烟碱含量较高，氮碱比较小，且在晾制过程中含量下降幅度较小，这与其失水干燥较快，调制过程较短有关。

5 air-curing barns （ bamboo-mud barn, American wooden plate barn, black plastic with grass barn, all-black plastic barn, plastic covering structure） and 2 harvesting manner （half-stalk cutting, priming） were used to investigate the changes in alkaloid and total nitrogen contents and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine during air-curing. The results showed that nicotine and total alkaloid contents decreased with the curing process; the contents of nomicotine, anabasine and anatabine showed no significant changes. Nicotine contents for bamboo-mud barn, American wooden plate barn and black plastic with grass barn decreased more than that for all-black plastic barn and plastic covering struc- ture,and the decreased percentage for the former 3 barns was from 16.5 % to 19.7 % for upper stalk leaves, and 17.6 % to 27.6 % for middle stalk leaves, and the nitrogen to nicotine ratio in air-cured leaves was adequate. The nicotine contents for primed leaves were higher than that for half-stalk cutting tobacco, and the nitrogen to nicotine ratio was lower, which was related to the rapid drying and shorter curing process.