温度对5个大花惠兰品种萌发和生长的影响

Effects of temperature on sprouting and growth of the new bud of 5 cultivars of Cymbidium hybridum

大花惠兰（Cymbidium hybridum）属兰科（Orchidaceae）兰属（Cymbidium）植物，其品种类型繁多，花大色艳、花期长、观赏价值高。大花蕙兰的萌发主要受温度控制，本试验通过对“星语”、“英雄”、“织女”、“香蕉船”、“牛郎”等大花蕙兰优良品种2年生苗新芽萌发时的日温进行控制，以确定其萌发时的最适日温。结果表明：当处理温度由23～25℃升到26～27℃，“星语”、“织女”新芽直径增粗量显著增加，“牛郎”无显著变化，“香蕉船”、“英雄“则显著降低；所有品种新芽生长量均随着处理温度的升高而极显著增加；除“英雄”外，所有品种的新萌发芽数也随着处理温度的升高而极显著增加；但在28～29℃时，一些品种发生病害或徒长，从而影响其花芽分化；因此，对于“星语”、“织女”、“香蕉船”、“牛郎”等品种，26～27℃是较适宜新芽萌发的目温；“英雄”最适宜新芽萌发日温为23～25℃。

The germnation day temperature of Cymbidium hybridum,including‘ Xing-yu＇ , ‘Ying-xiong＇ , ‘Zhi-nv＇,‘Xiang-jiao-chuan＇ and ‘ Niu-lang＇ , was observed to determinte the optimal germination temperature. The results showed that when the temperature rose 26 -27 ℃ from 23 -25 ℃ ,the diameter of sprout of ‘Xing-yu＇ and ‘ Zhi-nv＇ significantly increased ,that of ‘ Niu-lang＇ had no significant change and that of ‘ Ying-xiong＇ and ‘ Xiang-jiao-chuan＇ decreased significantly. The increment of the sprouts of all varieties significantly increased with the temperature increasing. Except ‘ Ying-xiong＇ , the number of the sprouts germination very significant rose with the temperature increasing. When the temperature was 28 -29 ℃, the differentiation of the flowers was affected because of the disease and overgrowth. The conclusion was drawed the optimal germination temperature of the sprouts of ‘ Xing-yu＇ , ‘ Zhi-nv＇ , ‘ Xian-giao-chuan＇ , ‘ Niu-lang＇ was 26 - 27 ℃ and that of ‘ Ying-xiong＇ was 23 -25 ℃.