地震地貌学研究新进展

New advances in seismic geomorphology

地震地貌学或地震沉积学是一门融合了地震地层学、高精度层序地层学和沉积学的新兴应用沉积学科,是在综合应用各种地质及高分辨率地球物理资料的基础上发展起来的。Posamentier等提出的地震地貌学、Zeng等提出的地震沉积学和Gao等应用的三维地震结构原理和方法基本属于同一个学科范畴,三者的研究内容是基本等同的。三者的不同点主要在于技术和方法运用上。地震沉积学或地震地貌学的应用应该注意几个方面:不能仅仅依赖于技术手段,要注重与同时代同沉积环境的露头进行类比;地震同相轴不是简单地反映等时界面或岩性界面,不同频段的地震数据反映的地质信息是不同的;区分小尺度的沉积古地貌和大尺度的构造古地貌,并紧密结合两者来研究沉积相等。近年来,碳酸盐岩沉积体系的地震三维地貌可视化开始应用于油气的研究。地震地貌学正逐渐由定性向定量化方向发展,并深入到储层非均质性的研究。

Seismic geomorphology or seismic sedimentology is a new applied sedimentary discipline that involves seismic stratigraphy,high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology.The seismic geomorphology defined by Posamentier,the seismic sedimentology defined by Zeng and the 3-D seismic texture theories and methodologies applied by Gao basically belong to the same scientific domain.The differences among these three subjects exist in the techniques and methods applied.Attentions shall be paid in several aspects when using seismic geomorphology or seismic sedimentology.It is not effective to rely only on workstation,the analogy with outcrops of contemporaneous depositional environment shall be conducted;seismic events do not simply reflect chronohorizon or lithologic interface,the seismic data of different band reflect different geological information;small scale depositional palaeogeomorphology and large scale tectonic palaeogeomorphology shall be discriminated and combined to study sedimentary facies.In recent years,3D seismic geomorphology visualization is used in hydrocarbon study for carbonate sedimentation systems.Seismic geomorphology is advancing from qualification to quantification,and deepens into reservoir heterogeneity study.