马克思主义哲学:从理解马克思的双重历史任务开始

Marxist Philosophy Viewed in The dual historical tasks of Marxism

马克思理论中除了狭义的以阶级性为根基的"无产阶级解放"理论外,还有广义的以人类性为根基的"全人类解放"理论。传统理论对前者已作了充分的研究,现今的世界历史任务,是要从哲学上对后者进行充分研究,并把其哲学基础概括为人类学唯物主义或人类学哲学。马克思"人类性重担"的隐喻,为人类学哲学的提出和研究开辟了合法性空间。

The dual historical tasks of Marxism can be described with metaphors of ＂one heavy load and two great baskets＂, denoting the essential elements of Marxist theory, namely the ＂proletariat emancipation＂ based on class nature in the narrow sense and the ＂idea of emancipation for the whole mankind＂ based on humanity in a broad sense. Traditional researches on the former have abounded. Present task of world history studies must be aimed at the latter from the philosophical perspective, generalizing its philosophical base into anthropological materialism or anthropological philosophy. The metaphor of ＂great basket of humanity＂ has provided a legitimate perspective for the proposal of anthropological philosophy. It is intended to show that the adherence to the development of Marxism must be preceded by the accurate understanding of Marxism.