转承责任归责原则的复合性和构成要件的二重性

On the Vicarious Liability's Liability-imposing Principles and Composition of Essential Elements

转承责任不是单一归责原则而是复合归责原则的适用:责任人转承责任的归责原则主要是无过错责任原则,行为人侵权行为构成判断原则具有多样性和复杂性。归责原则的复合性决定了转承责任构成要件的二重性:责任人的转承责任构成要件和行为人的侵权行为构成判断要件不相同,责任人的转承责任构成要件也不同于其他特殊侵权责任。责任人的转承责任构成要件主要包括:责任人和行为人间具有特定的基础关系,行为人为侵权行为时居于基础关系约束的地位,行为人的行为构成侵权;行为人的侵权行为构成判断要件根据行为发生的不同情势,具有多样性和复杂性。

A compound liability-imposing principle is applied in a vicarious liability： most of vicarious liabilities of the liability bearers take no-fauh liability-imposing principles; the application of liability-imposing principles is decided in light of the specific infringing circumstances when deciding whether the torffeasor＇ s infringement is a tort or not. The compound feature of the liability-imposing principle results in the duality feature of the composition of a vicarious liability＇ s essential elements. The elements of the liability bearer＇ s vicarious liability include a certain basic relation between the liability bearer and the tortfeasor, the tortfeasor＇s position controlled by the basic relation when infringing upon others and the tort establishment of tortfeasor＇s infringements. The elements of whether the torffeasor＇s tort is established or not are decided by the applied liability-imposing principles according to different circumstances.