魏晋玄学对中国文人气质的影响

The influence of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties on the temperament of Chinese scholars

中国文人的气质之所以不同于西方的知识分子,在于受中国传统文化的影响很深,其中魏晋玄学对塑造中国文人的气质起到了至关重要的作用。这种影响主要表现为以下四个方面:一,影响了文人的思维方式,锻炼了他们的抽象思维能力,养成了他们重思辨、喜玄理、好究天人之际的习惯;二,启迪文人士大夫脱离烦琐压抑的现实世界,去寻求一种诗意的人生;三,为士人们提供了一种解决出处问题的中庸之道,使他们在出处间自由游走;四,培养了文人的山水隐逸情怀,为中国文人钟情山水诗、山水画找到了理论源头。

The temperament of Chinese scholars is different from that of western intellectuals and Chinese scholars are greatly influenced by Chinese traditional culture. Metaphysics in Wei an Jin Dynasties has an important role in moulding the temperament of Chinese scholars. The influence mainly manifests in the following four aspects： 1） it influences scholars＂ mode of thinking and trains their ability of abstract thinking, making them form the habits of paying attention to speculation, being fond of reason; 2） it enlightens scholars to get away from the trivial and depressing real world0 to pursue Hie full of poetic cunception;3）it provides scholars the doctrine of the mean Confucian in solving problems and makes them wander about freely; 4） it cultivates scholars＇ anchoretic feeling and finds the theoretical sources for Chinese scholars＂ fond of landscape poetry and landscape painting.