马克思“个人所有制”概念文本解读

Text Interpretation of Karl Marx's Concept of "Individual Ownership"

马克思"重新建立个人所有制"提法是指劳动者直接占有产品和消费资料,这可以通过对马克思原著的认真体味得到理解:马克思提出"个人所有制"的上下文大量论述了生活资料问题;马克思恩格斯的"所有制"概念,并不就是指生产资料所有制,而是指以生产条件、生产和产品的占有为基本内容的财产所有制;马克思论述"个人所有制"的原文本身也看不出"个人所有制"就是生产资料所有制,但包含生活资料所有制;马克思多次提到过个人所有制,都不是指生产资料个人所有制。要分清生活资料的两种占有,一种是产品的占有,是体现生产交换关系和分配权的、属于所有制内涵的占有,即"个人所有制"的占有;另一种是分配后在消费领域的占有,是不直接代表生产关系特点的占有。"重新建立"的实质在于:否定劳动的他人占有或不劳而获的占有,重新实现自己的劳动自己占有。

Marx＇s ＂re-establishing individual ownership＂ refers to the possession of the products and the consumer materials by laborers, which can be understood by reading Marx＇s original works seriously. In the context of Marx＇s ＂individual ownership＂, a large number of issues are discussed concerning means of subsistence. Marx and Engels＇s ＂ownership＂ concept does not refer to the ownership of the means of production, but to the property which takes the possession of production conditions, production and the product as the basic contents; the original text of Marx explanation of the ＂individual property＂ itself does not show that ＂individual property＂ is the ownership of the means of production, but includes the property of means of subsistence. Marx mentions many times that the property of individuals does not refer to the individual property of the means of production. We should distinguish the two types of possession of means of subsistence. One is the possession of the products that reflect the relations between production exchange and distribution rights. The possession belongs to the ownership connotation, that is, the possession of the ＂individual property＂, and the other is the possession in the field of consumption after distribution that does not represent the characteristics of the relations of production. The substance of ＂re-establishment＂ is that to negate the possession of labor by others or reaping without sowing and to realize their own share of their own labor again.