华南地区水库消涨带生态重建的植物筛选

Selection of suitable plants for the ecological reconstruction of water-level-fluctuation zone of reservoirs in south China

水库消涨带水旱交替、坡度陡、土壤贫瘠，适生植物的选择一直是其生态重建的难题。在对华南地区多类型水体消涨区调查的基础上，通过在多个水库消涨带进行植物栽植试验，根据各水库水位的变化定期观测试验植物对淹水的反应和适应性，测定试验植物半淹水、全淹水与未淹水状态下叶片的光合能力、SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量等指标，观测试验植物出露期间的耐旱耐瘠性，同时利用松子坑水库蓄水验收的机会对设计常水位以下6m内的野生陆生植物进行耐淹性调查评价。结果表明，铺地黍（Panicum repens）长期在陆生岸坡上生长良好，在浅淹、半淹至接近全淹时正常生长，在全淹10个月以上退水后仍能成活；榕（Ficus sp．）持续淹水11个月以上（水深0．5～2．89m波动）仍生长正常；赤桉（Eucalyptus camaldulensis）持续淹水13个月以上（水深0．8-6．71m波动）仍生长正常；白千层（Melaleuca leucadendron）持续淹水4个月（淹水最深2m）仍长势良好、整齐。铺地黍、榕、赤桉、白干层耐淹耐旱耐瘠，是水库消涨带生境的适生植物.

Water-level-fluctuation zone （WLFZ） of a reservoir is characterized by flooding and drought coming by turns, and most of the slopes are steep with poor soil. As a result, selecting plants for the ecological reconstruction of WLFZ of reservoir has always been a critical problem. An investigation of the plants on the WLFZ of different water sources in south China, as well as cultivation experiments with many kinds of plants on the WLFZ of some reservoirs were made. After that, experiments on observing the reaction and adaptability of the plants to floods, testing the photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves at half flooding condition, whole flooding condition and no flooding conditions, as well as testing the activity of SOD and POD, the content of soluble protein, MDA and proline, and observing their viability in drought environment and in poor soil conditions were also carried out. By taking the advantage of the chance of the first flooding in Songzikeng Reservoir, investigation and evaluation of the viability of wild terrestrial plants at flooding conditions in this area were made. The result shows that torpedogarss（Panicum repens） can grow well in land slope, and it keeps normal growth at slightly, half and almost wholly flooding conditions; even after suffered over 10 months of wholly flooding, it can still keep alive after flooding recession; As to Chinese swamp fig （Ficus sp.）, it can keep normal growing after continual flooding over 11 months （under the water depth from 0.5 to 2.89m）,; River red gum（Eucalyptus camaldulensis） can keep normal growing after continual flooding over 13 months（under the water depth from 0.8 to 6.71m）. Cajuput（Melaleuca leucadendron） kept growing well after continual flooding about 4 months（the deepest water depth is 2m）, In terms of their flood tolerance and drought resistance, torpedogarss, chinese swamp fig, river red gum and cajuput are suitable species for the WLFZ of reservoirs.