全新世暖期我国土地利用的格局及其意义

THE LAND USE ARRANGEMENT OF CHINA IN THE HOLOCENE MEGATHERMAL PERIOD AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

依据大量新石器时代的考古资料，对全新世暖期的土地利用进行了分区。北旱作南稻作为当时土地利用的基本特征，水稻种植北界达到３５°Ｎ，较现今北移了２～３度，北方旱作相应向北扩展到现今以畜牧为主或半农半牧的内蒙古长城地带及西北的甘青地区，其中粟是最主要的旱作栽培作物。全新世暖期时旱作北界沿线的降水较今高１００ｍｍ左右，稻作北界沿线降水较今高１００～３００ｍｍ左右，我国北方地区降水较今高１００～２００ｍｍ；伏旱区与副高北界北移了２～３度。暖期对我国农业发展有利。

Based on a great deal of archaeological data of the Neolithic age,the land use regions in China of the Holocene megathermal period are divided. The basic characteristic of the land use in that period is that dry farming dominated in the north,while rice planting dominated in the south. The northern boundary of rice planting reached 35°N,and it lay 2～3 degrees farther north of the present boundary. The northern boundary of dry farming extended to the region along the Great Wall in Inner Mongolia and the Gansu Qinghai region in the northwest, where the animal husbandry or semi agricul tural and semi pastoral industry dominated now and the primary cultivated crop is millet.According to the land use arrangement mentioned above,it is inferred that the precipitation in the Holocene megathermal period was 100 mm more than now in the region along the northern boundary of dry farming and was 100～300mm more than now in the region along the northern boundary of rice planting. The northern boundaries of the summer drought zone and the subtropical high pressure zone also extended northward 2～3 degrees in latitude.The warm period is beneficial to the development of agriculture in China.