我国自嘲杂赋的源头

Origin of Self-mockery Miscellaneous Ode in China

西汉东方朔的《答客难》,被认为是最早的文人以自嘲方式写的诙谐杂赋,而《答客难》的源头是宋玉《对楚王问》。本文认为,《对楚王问》没有愤世嫉俗之情,没有诙谐解嘲之意,与《答客难》风格迥异。而《荀子》的《为说者曰》以嘲讽的口吻表明孔子之时与荀子之时政治环境的不同,感情异常激动,愤世嫉俗之情溢于言外,形式上是以四言韵语为主的赋体,是自我解嘲这一体文章的直接源头。

It has been considered that Da Ke Nan （ 《答客难》 ）, which was written by Dongfang Shuo, is the earliest self-mockery miscellaneous ode in a humor style written by ancient Chinese literati, and it can be ascended to Dui Chuwang Wen （ 《对楚王问》） written by Song Yu in the Warriing States Period. But the author of this paper think that Song Yu did not express his cynical feelings, nor tried to explain things away about what he had been laughed at in Dui Chuwang Wen （ 《对楚王问》 ）, so it has ＇a different style with Da Ke Nan （《答客难》）. In Wei Shuozhe Yue （ 《为说者曰》） in Xun Zi （《荀子》 ）, the author indicated the difference of political environment between the Confucius＇ s period and Tsun Zi＇ s period with exciting and cynical feelings. As an ode style mainly with four- word crambos, Wei Shuozhe Yue （《为说者曰》） should be regarded as the direct origin of self - mockery works.